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The ''U-1'' class was a class of two submarines or U-boats built for and operated by the Austro-Hungarian Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine ''or'' K.u.K. Kriegsmarine)). The ''U-1''-class boats were built to an American design at the navy yard in Pola. The class was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's efforts to competitively evaluate three foreign submarine designs. The two ''U-1''-class boats, both launched in 1909, were long and as built were each powered by two gasoline engines while surfaced, and two electric motors when submerged. Neither boat was operational at the beginning of World War I because both were in drydock awaiting replacement diesel engines for their problematic gasoline engines. Beginning in 1915, both boats conducted reconnaissance cruises out of either Trieste or Pola until declared obsolete in early 1918. Both remained in service as a training boats at the submarine base on Brioni, but each was at Pola at the end of the war. They were ceded to Italy as war reparations in 1920 and scrapped at Pola. Neither submarine sank any ships during the war. == Design and construction == In 1904, after allowing the navies of other countries to pioneer submarine developments, the Austro-Hungarian Navy ordered the Austrian Naval Technical Committee (MTK) to produce a submarine design. The January 1905 design developed by the MTK and other designs submitted by the public as part of a design competition were all rejected by the Navy as impracticable. They instead opted to order two submarines each of designs by Simon Lake, Germaniawerft, and John Philip Holland for a competitive evaluation. The two Lake-designed submarines comprised the ''U-1'' class.〔Gardiner, p. 340.〕〔The Germaniawerft design became the ''U-3''-class while the Holland design became the ''U-5'' class.〕 The Navy ordered plans for the building of two boats—designated ''U-1'' and ''U-2''—from the Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1906.〔Gibson and Prendergast, p. 383.〕 The ''U-1''-class design had several features typical of Lake's designs, including a diving chamber under the bow and two variable pitch propellers. Lake's design also called for two retractable wheels that, in theory, could allow travel over the seabed. The design also placed the diving tanks above the waterline of the single, cylindrical hull, which necessitated a heavy ballast keel for vertical stability. The propulsion system for the ''U-1'' class consisted of two gasoline engines for surface running and two electric motors for running while submerged.〔 For underwater steering and maneuverability, the design featured four pairs of diving planes.〔Sieche, p. 16.〕 The boats were long by abeam and had a draft of . As designed, each boat displaced surfaced and submerged.〔 Both of the submarines had three torpedo tubes—two in the bow, one in the stern—and could carry up to five torpedoes,〔 but typically carried three.〔 Each submarine was also armed with a deck gun.〔 ''U-1'' and ''U-2'' were laid down in July 1907 at the navy yard at Pola,〔 and were launched in February and April 1909, respectively.〔〔In their book ''The German Submarine War, 1914–1918'', R. H. Gibson and Maurice Prendergast report that ''U-1'' was launched in 1911 and ''U-2'' in 1910 (p. 383).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「U-1-class submarine (Austria-Hungary)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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